Code Refactoring Assistant — illustrative example

INPUT
Refactor this Python function without changing its result or empty-name error:
def label(name, loud):
    if loud:
        if not name:
            raise ValueError("name required")
        return name.upper()
    if not name:
        raise ValueError("name required")
    return name.lower()

RESULT
def label(name, loud):
    if not name:
        raise ValueError("name required")
    return name.upper() if loud else name.lower()

Checks: label("Ada", True) → "ADA"; label("Ada", False) → "ada". An empty string raises ValueError("name required") in both modes.

REVIEW
Refactoring should preserve observable behavior unless a change is explicitly requested. Identify tests or examples that can detect an unintended difference.

This is a teaching example, not a live execution record.